|
Moon |
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|
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1610 |
|
Earth based |
Galileo |
Maps craters and mountains on the moon. |
|
1647 |
|
Earth based |
Johannes Hevelius |
Produces possibly best map of his century of lunar surface. |
|
1778 |
|
Earth based |
Johanne Schroter |
Very accurate maps with suggested heights of lunar mountains |
|
1959 |
4 October |
Flyby |
Lunik III |
Photographed far side of the moon |
|
1966 |
1967 |
Orbiter |
5 lunar orbiters |
Probe for suitable landing sites. |
|
1966 |
24 August |
Orbiter |
Lunik X |
Successful orbit |
|
1968 |
December |
Orbiter |
Apollo 8 |
First manned orbit of the Moon. Borman Loveland MajorWilliam A Anals orbit moon 10 times. |
|
1969 |
7 August |
Orbiter |
Zond 7 |
First USSR biological specimen sent around the moon. |
|
1994 |
August |
Orbiter |
Clementine |
Discovers possible ice during Feb - May 1994 |
|
1997 |
October |
Orbiter |
Luna Prospector |
Mission to confirm existence of ice. |
|
1959 |
12 September |
hard Landing |
Lunik II |
Photographs 4316 television pictures before hard landing on Mare Nubium |
|
1964 |
28 July |
hard landing |
Ranger 7 |
First soft landing, on Ceanus Procellarum |
|
1966 |
31 January |
soft landing |
Lunik IX |
First US soft landing |
|
1966 |
30 May |
soft landing |
Surveyor |
Photographically analysed soil on moon. |
|
1967 |
17 April |
lander |
Surveyor 3 |
Chemically analysed soil using alpha particle scattering. First on site examination of an extra terrestrial body. |
|
1967 |
8 September |
lander |
Surveyor 5 |
landed on Mare Tranquilliatus |
|
1970 |
10 November |
Lander |
Luna 17 |
First Luna Rover Lunokhod 1 |
|
1973 |
January |
lander |
Lunokhood 2 |
Luna 21 drops Lunokhood 2 on the moon |
|
1970 |
12 September |
Sample Return |
Luna 16 |
Recovers 113g of soil |
|
1969 |
July 16 2:55 GMT |
Manned Landing |
Apollo 11 |
First man on the moon. landed on Mare Tranquilliatus |
|
1969 |
Jul-30 |
Manned Landing |
Apollo 15 |
4.6 billion year old basaltic crust recovered. Apollo astronauts find traces of comet ion trails in regolith. landed at Hadley-Apennines. |